The Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing - 806 Words

The impacts of hydraulic fracturing can be hard to analyze due to a lack of data available. The following case studies explored the effects of fracking on animals and humans within areas of hydraulic fracking sites. The case studies were completed in six states in which hydraulic fracturing sites has increased in recent years. These six states are Colorado, Louisiana, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas. The studies focus on the effects of animals because they may serve as sentinels for human exposure, with shorter lifetimes and more opportunity for data collection from necropsies (Bamberger Oswald, 2012, p.52). The case studies also take into account human exposure within the same area as the animals affected. The first case study in the article observed two homes within a short distance of 25 shale wells. These two homeowners both had farm animals on their property and used well water for their personal water source. Both homeowners reported incidents relating to wastewater exposure for both their animals and humans. One incident was when a truck carrying wastewater drove away from the impoundment site with an open valve, releasing approximately 20 gallons of wastewater onto the impoundment access road(62). The water that was released was also spilled onto a road near one of the homeowners property. Another incident occurred when the barriers for the wastewater impoundment failed causing a spill into a creek. It is believed that this occurrences could haveShow MoreRelatedHydraulic Fracturing And Its Effects On The Environment1467 Words   |  6 PagesHydraulic Fracturing Introduction For this assignment I have chosen to look in to a subject that is in the news media spotlight. The subject is the process of hydraulic fracturing. In this paper, we will learn about this process by answering the following questions. First what is hydraulic fracturing and what is the process used for. Then we will look at the actual process of hydraulic fracturing (how it works). Next we will take a closer look at some of the chemical use during the hydraulic fracturingRead MoreHydraulic Fracturing Has Recently Grown In Popularity As1516 Words   |  7 PagesHydraulic fracturing has recently grown in popularity as a means of energy production. There are advantages and disadvantages, mainly relating to the environment and the economy, of this industry. Although there are pros and cons to both sides of the issue, a compromise needs to be found for both the safety of the environment and to be able to support affordable energy production. Hydraulic fracturing, as an industry, has had a large economic impact by creating jobs. Using natural gas from hydraulicRead MoreIs Hydraulic Fracturing Environmentally Safe?1414 Words   |  6 PagesIs Hydraulic Fracturing Environmentally Safe? The United States has become one of the largest producers of natural gas and most of the production is from shale plays. Solar, wind, biomass waste and geothermal and hydroelectric energy have long been recognized as renewable and sustainable energy resources; however, they only comprise 9% of our energy consumption; this is in comparison to the growing production of natural gas which accounts for 40% of industrial and 74% of residential energy consumptionRead MoreHydraulic Fracturing : An Ethical Approach1168 Words   |  5 PagesHydraulic Fracturing: An Ethical Approach Hydraulic fracturing in combination with advancement in directional drilling has made it possible to economically extract oil and gas from unconventional resources. The growth in U.S. oil and gas exploration and production made possible by the increase in use of hydraulic fracturing, has raised concerns about its potential to impact human health and the environment. Concerns have been raised by the public about the effects of hydraulic fracturing on qualityRead MoreEssay On Fracking1181 Words   |  5 Pages There are still doubts about whether hydraulic fracturing will follow the forecasts put out by the United States energy Information Administration. Hughes write that producing 45 percent of the nations gas through fracking is basically impossible (31). He thinks that â€Å"drilling rates assumed by the EIA to meet its forecast are inadequate† (Hughes 31). Hughes supports that the current drilling rates of about 20,000 new wells per year are woefully short of what is needed to increase gas output (31)Read MoreFracking and the Halliburton Act Essay1132 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Hydraulic fracturing involves the use of water pressure to create fractures in rock that allow the oil and natural gas it contains to escape and flow out of a well (Energy From Shale).† Fracking has served to extract natural gas and oil where other methods would not be as successful but many environmentalists argue that fracking is affecting the environment and our drinking supply of water. Although fracking is still a controversial topic, it provides Americans jobs, increases theRead MoreHydraulic Fracturing : The Good And The Bad1381 Words   |  6 PagesHydraulic Fracturing: The Good and The Bad. Hydraulic fracturing in combination with advancement in directional drilling has made it possible to economically extract oil and gas from unconventional resources. The growth in U.S. oil and gas exploration and production made possible by the increase in use of hydraulic fracturing, has raised concerns about its potential to impact human health and the environment. Concerns have been raised by the public about the effects of hydraulic fracturing on qualityRead MoreThe Issue Of Hydraulic Fracturing1444 Words   |  6 PagesHydraulic Fracturing One of the hottest new issues that has arisen to the forefront of the battle between environmentalists and the energy industry, where the health of future generations is set against our energy needs and economic growth, is the issue of hydraulic fracturing, or fracking as it is colloquially called. America’s new-found energy independence has been made possible using technology that was only a pipe dream a mere decade ago, slashing the disparity between net imports versus exportsRead MoreHydraulic Fracturing And The Natural Gas Industry1454 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironmental Science- Hydraulic Fracturing Introduction Hydraulic fracturing is a verified as well as well-regulated technology that was first used during the 1940s. Hydraulic fracturing has opened enormous new supplies of oil along with clean-burning natural gas that is from the dense deposits of shale. These supplies enhance the energy security of the U.S. and improve the nation’s ability to generate electricity for generations to come. Hydraulic Fracturing has been utilized in at least one millionRead MoreThe United States Of The Industrial Revolution1720 Words   |  7 Pagesno technology or tools advanced enough to drill into these rocks, until the 1970s and 1980s. Companies worked endlessly finding a way to allow shale rocks to release the gas that they held. Companies eventually came up with a practice called hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking; this process utilizes water pressure to fracture or break a rock in order to release and collect fuel such as gas or oil. In recent years, companies have mixed sand, chemic als and other proponents to retrieve the maximum

The Scramble For Africa During The Berlin Conference

The Scramble for Africa, taking place nearly three decades after the Berlin Conference regarding Africa, was an event where several, major European powers attempted to colonize areas in Africa. As European powers tried to enforce this imperialism, they were met with heavy resistance from the Africans, violently and non-violently, however, some chose to give in to European demands; Document 5 is an example of the violent resistance from the natives of Africa while Document 2 shows non-violent resistance by co-operating with the British, and Document 1 gives an example of submission to the British through a contract of sorts. The Berlin Conference marked the beginning of the â€Å"Conquest of Africa†. This conquest partitioned Africa into territories as to divide Africa for each European country, avoiding war amongst themselves. This led to a series of actions and reactions, back and forth, between European powers and Africans resulting in different consequences. A common reaction from African tribes to European imperialism was violent resistance. Document 5 is an ample instance where violence was used to resist European imperialism. . In 1891, Menelik II, the leader of Ethiopia, had surrendered to Europe, but decided to take back their land from them. The Battle of Adowa, portrayed in the painting in Document 5, shows the victory of Ethiopians against Italian troops in 1896. Oreste Baratieri, the Italian general who led his army against the Ethiopian troops in the battle,Show MoreRelatedNegative Impacts Of The Berlin Conference Of 1884-1885741 Words   |  3 Pages REACTION PAPER Bradford B. Birdashaw University of Kansas ABSTRACT The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 set the ground rules for the colonization of Africa by European powers. The event helped to ease tensions that were growing because of the competition for resources in Africa. It had a dramatic and lasting negative impact on the nations of Africa. They lost the ability to govern their own people and develop their economies. African natural resources were essentially stolenRead MoreThe European Colonization Of Africa1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe European colonization of Africa, also known as the Scramble for Africa, Partition of Africa, or Conquest of Africa, occurred between the 1870s and 1900s, and was the invasion, occupation, colonization, and annexation of African territory by European powers during a period of New Imperialism. European control of the continent increased from 10 percent (1870) to 90 percent (1914), with only three territories, Saguia el-Hamra, which was later integrated into Spanish Sahara, Ethiopia and LiberiaRead MoreBerl in Conference of 1884: Scramble and Partition of Africa818 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Scramble and partition of Africa The expansion that was fueled by capitalist industrialism as well as nationalism subjugated land to be under European control, in nineteenth century. British Empire alone during this period was made up of more than a quarter of the worlds land mass and people. Europe in addition to its colonial possessions by 1914 occupied over 80 percent of the globe. This conquest of Africa somehow revealed a good example to what is termed as new imperialism. The confusionRead MoreImperialism in the 19th century1746 Words   |  7 PagesImperialism is the act in which one nation extends its rule over another. Imperialism had a substantial effect on the 19th century throughout the entire world by bringing upon changes to many different countries, for better and for worse, especially to Africa. Prior to the nineteenth century, westerners did interfere with many of the affairs of nations outside of their boarders, so signs of imperialism are shown many times throughout history. Examples of this would be the European colonies in the AmericasRead MoreScramble For Afric Summary Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesScramble for Africa Yinka Shonibare MBE Christina: When you picture Africa, what do you see? Some may answer that they see the wide open plains of the Savannah and the immense diversity of animals that inhabit it. Others may envision the huge thriving cities in South Africa where tourists often visit to enjoy the beaches or take a stroll through a national park. Even others may imagine the indigenous peoples who still live all throughout Africa and whose ways of life are so starkly different fromRead MoreThe Scramble for Africa1154 Words   |  5 Pages What was the Scramble for Africa? The Scramble for Africa was a period of time where major European countries fought over and colonized land in Africa, stretching from South Africa to Egypt. The scramble for Africa began shortly after the slave trade, and ended at WW1, and is a strong representation of the ‘New Imperialism’. The first country to act was Belgium, who colonized Congo at 1885, but soon, other countries such as Portugal and Great Britain joined in in order to not miss out. FirstlyRead MoreEurope Is Nothing Without Africa Not The Other Way Around1104 Words   |  5 PagesEurope is nothing without Africa not the other way around. By the early twentieth century most of Africa, excluding Ethiopia and Liberia had been colonized by European powers. Earlier between the 1870s and 1900 Africa faced many hardships from the Europeans such as imperialist aggression, conciliatory pressure, invasions from the military, prospective journeys and colonization. Although African societies put up resistance th e scramble for African soil was taken by the Europeans. W.E.B Dubois declaresRead MoreThe General Act of the Berlin Conference on West Africa2361 Words   |  10 Pagesanalyze the General Act of the Berlin Conference on West Africa (1884-1885) and the partition of Africa among the main European powers, considering its importance for the construction of Europe. The Conference of Berlin was the culmination of a process that began with the presence of European traders in the costal areas of West Africa. The relations between Europe and Africa developed during the age of slave trade and were transformed on the 19th century. The Conference initiated the process of formalRead MoreBritish Imperialism1137 Words   |  5 Pages European nations only controlled about 10 percent of the continent of Africa, France to the north and Britain to the south (Edgar, 2008). As time goes by, other countries gain conquests, mostly in western areas of Africa. This essay will go over a few key points in history that led to the Age of Imperialism and the British colonization of Southern Africa. The essay will also identify key players in this age. Southern Africa was known for its gold and other valuable items that made it so appealingRead MoreThe Impact Of Slavery On Africa Socially, Economically, And Politically For Over 300 Years.969 Words   |  4 Pages2. Slavery impacted Africa socially, economically, and politically for over 300 years. Slavery had a major social impact on Africa, due to the fact that the vast numbers involved in the trans-Atlantic slave trade led to a color association. Africa already had an existing slave trade system in place. Women were incredibly degraded and devalued for the reason that numerous of were captured and sold into slavery. Polygamy became the norm because many African societies lacked African males because they

Plunkitt essay free essay sample

In the book of Plunkitt of Tammany Hall written by William L. Riordon, George Washington Plunkitt came from poor beginnings and made his way up to become a head leader of the Fifteenth Assembly District in New York, a main leader in the political team of Tammany Hall, and a millionaire. George Washington Plunkitt was brought up in Tammany Hall, he learned how to reach out to the voters and it wasn’t how every other politician reaches out to voters by stating the facts, Plunkitt reached in a way that touched the hearts of the voters. He believed that arguments and campaign literature never gained votes. (p. 86) Plunkitt talked openly about how young men can succeed in politics to get power and how to keep it. He states some mistakes that young politicians make when trying to become successful. One mistake would be that cramming books in your face to learn how to be successful in politics is not the best idea, but doesn’t disagree with attending college. We will write a custom essay sample on Plunkitt essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another mistake mentioned is, â€Å"some young men think that the best way to prepare for the political game is to practice speakin’ and becomin’ orators. Plunkitt wants the young men to wait quietly and listen to what’s being said all around before mentioning anything. After mentioning some mistakes not to do, Plunkitt wants to suggest some tips on what to do based on what he did to succeed in politics as he did. As Plunkitt states, â€Å"What I did was to get some marketable goods before going to the leaders. † He approached his cousin who had no interest in politics and told him that he was going to be a politician and wanted to get a following, he asked his cousin if he would and his cousin agree. Then he approached the district leader and told him that he had two votes, his cousins and his own. The district leader told him to go ahead. Plunkitt started off in a small business way, but he soon branched out and suggested that that was the only way to become a long lasting statesman. Plunkitt stresses that honest and dishonest graft is a big part of politics. Tammany men have become rich off of graft, but Plunkitt has made a fortune in politics and has never gone for dishonest graft. The difference between  dishonest graft and honest graft is, dishonest graft is blackmailing gamblers, saloonkeepers, disorderly people, etc. He describes honest graft as â€Å"an opportunity† that he took at the right time. Plunkitt states that, â€Å"All they can show is that Tammany heads of departments looked after their friends within the law, and gave them the opportunities they could to make honest graft. †(p. 5) With that being said Plunkitt was a man for honest graft which he represented the Tammany men, and they were very popular because of honest graft, and he stressed for honest graft to be a set motivation in their headquarters. Nevertheless, Tammany’s district leader is known for reaching out into the homes of his district, watching over all his men and the families of these men, he places himself in a position that puts his knowledge to the test and makes him show his effort to everyone in the town. George Washington Plunkitt was a successful man who started from the bottom of being poor, to being a millionaire that found his own truthful way of being a successful politician.

What is Psychology Essays - Psychology, Behavioural Sciences

What is Psychology? What exactly is psychology? Popular television programs, books, and films have contributed to a a number of misconceptions about this subject. The diverse careers paths of those holding psychology degrees also contribute to this confusion. Psychology is both an applied and academic field that studies the human mind and behavior. Research in psychology seeks to understand and explain how we think, act and feel. As most people already realize, a large part of psychology is devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of mental health issues, but that's just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to applications for psychology. In addition to mental health, psychology can be applied to a variety of issues that impact health and daily life including performance enhancement, self-help, ergonomics, motivation, productivity, and much more. Early Psychology Psychology evolved out of both philosophy and biology. Discussions of these two subjects date as far back as the early Greek thinkers including Aristotle and Socrates. The word psychology is derived from the Greek word psyche, meaning 'soul' or 'mind.' A Separate Science The emergence of psychology as a separate and independent field of study was truly born when Wilhelm Wundt established the first experimental psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany in 1879. Wundt's work was focused on describing the structures that compose the mind. This perspective relied heavily on the analysis of sensations and feelings through the use of introspection, a highly subjective process. Wundt believed that properly trained individuals would be able to accurately identify the mental processes that accompanied feelings, sensations and thoughts. Schools of Thought Throughout psychology's history, a number of different schools of thought have thought have formed to explain human thought and behavior. These schools of thought often rise to dominance for a period of time. While these schools of thought are sometimes perceived as competing forces, each perspective has contributed to our understanding of psychology. The following are some of the major schools of thought in psychology. * Structuralism * Functionalism * Gestalt * Psychoanalysis * Behaviorism * Humanism * Cognitive Psychology Today Today, psychologists prefer to use more objective scientific methods to understand, explain, and predict human behavior. Psychological studies are highly structured, beginning with a hypothesis that is then empirically tested. The discipline has two major areas of focus: academic psychology and applied psychology. Academic psychology focuses on the study of different sub-topics within psychology including personality, social behavior and human development. These psychologists conduct basic research that seeks to expand our theoretical knowledge, while other researchers conduct applied research that seeks to solve everyday problems. Applied psychology focuses on the use of different psychological principles to solve real world problems. Examples of applied areas of psychology include forensic psychology, ergonomics, and industrial-organizational psychology. Many other psychologists work as therapists, helping people overcome mental, behavioral, and emotional disorders. Psychology Rese arch Methods As psychology moved away from its philosophical roots, psychologists began to employ more and more scientific methods to study human behavior. Contemporary researchers employ a variety of scientific techniques including experiments, correlation studies, longitudinal research, and others to test, explain, and predict behavior. Areas of Psychology Psychology is a broad and diverse field. A number of different subfields and specialty areas have emerged. The following are some of the major areas of research and application within psychology: 1. Abnormal Psychology is the study of abnormal behavior and psychopathology. This specialty area is focused on research and treatment of a variety of mental disorders and is linked to psychotherapy, and clinical psychology. 2. Biological Psychology, also known as biopsychology, studies how biological processes influence the mind and behavior. This area is closely linked to neuroscience and utilizes tools such as MRI and PET scans to look at brain injury or brain abnormalities. 3. Clinical Psychology is focused on the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of mental disorders. It is also considered the largest employment area within psychology. 4. Cognitive Psychology is the study of human thought processes and cognitions. Cognitive psychologists study topics such as attention, memory, perception, decision-making,problem-solving, and language acquisition. 5. Comparative Psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the study of animal behavior. This type of research can lead to a deeper and broader understanding of human psychology. 6. Developmental Psychology is an area that looks at human growth and